Phrases Definition:
A phrase is a group of words having no subject and
finite verb which gives meaning to a sentence.
Phrase একটি শব্দগুচ্ছ যাতে কোন subject এবং finite verb থাকে না ও যা একটি sentence কে অর্থপূর্ণ করে তোলে।
Example:
·
He is indeed a man of parts.
·
Life is not a bed of roses.
·
She has no kith and kin.
The words in bold letters don’t have any subject and finite
verb but still giving the sentence a meaning. They are phrases.
Bold অক্ষরের শব্দগুলোর কোন subject এবং finite verb নেই কিন্তু তাও sentenceটিকে একটি অর্থ দিচ্ছে। এগুলো phrase।
Types of Phrases:
There are generally nine types of phrases (Phrase সাধারণত:
নয় ধরনের):
1.
Noun Phrase.
2.
Verb Phrase
3.
Adverbial Phrase
4.
Adjective Phrase
5.
Prepositional Phrase
6.
Conjunctional Phrase
7.
Interjectional Phrase
8.
Participial Phrase
9.
Absolute Phrase
Noun phrase তিন ধরনের হয়:
1.
Appositive Phrase
2.
Gerund Phrase
3.
Infinitive Phrase.
Noun Phrase:
The group of words that perform the task of a noun is called
Noun Phrase. Noun phrases are of three types:
যে শব্দগুচ্ছ noun এর কাজ করে তাকে Noun
Phrase বলে। Noun
phrase তিন ধরনের হয়:
i. Appositive Phrase:
A noun phrase that renames another noun, not technically
modifies it is called an appositive phrase.
যে noun phrase অন্য একটি nounকে নতুন করে নাম দেয়, কৌশলগতভাবে বর্ণনা করে না তাকে appositive
phrase বলে।
Example:
·
Nachiketa, my favorite singer,
is coming to Dhaka.
ii. Gerund Phrase:
A noun phrase with a gerund as its head is called a gerund
phrase.
যে noun phrase এর শুরুতে gerund যুক্ত থাকে তাকে gerund phrase
বলে।
Example:
·
I love listening to music.
iii. Infinitive Phrase:
An infinitive phrase refers to a noun phrase
containing an infinitive at the beginning.
যে noun phrase এর শুরুতে একটি infinitive
থাকে তাকে infinitive phrase
বলে।
Example:
·
I love to listen to music.
Verb Phrase:
The group of words that perform the task of the verb is
called Verb Phrase. A verb phrase has more than one verbs, one is a
principal verb, and others are auxiliary verbs, such as am, is, are, was, were,
be, being, have, had, has, shall, should, etc.
যে শব্দগুচ্ছ verb এর কাজ করে তাকে Verb
Phrase বলে। একটি verb
phrase এ একাধিক verb
থাকে,
একটি মূল verb এবং অপরগুলো সাহায্যকারী verb, যেমন, am, is, are, was, were, be, being,
have, had has, shall, should, প্রভৃতি।
Example:
·
I was reading my favorite book
yesterday.
·
They were going to the concert.
Adverbial Phrase:
The group of words that perform the task of the adverb is
called Adverbial Phrase. An adverbial phrase also has other words apart
from adverbs such as noun, verb, preposition, and modifiers which function like
an adverb in the sentence.
যে শব্দগুচ্ছ adverb এর কাজ করে তাকে Adverbial
Phrase বলে। একটি adverbial
phrase এ adverb ছাড়াও অন্যান্য শব্দ যেমন:
noun, verb, preposition এবং modifiers থাকে যা sentence
এ adverb এর কাজ করে।
Example:
·
I came here
·
Once upon a time,
he lived here.
·
She said it in a polite way.
Adjective Phrase:
The phrase that performs the function of an adjective is
called Adjective Phrase.
যে phrase adjective এর কাজ করে তাকে Adjective Phrase
বলে।
Example:
·
The girl is always full of life.
·
She is slow and steady.
·
This rule is now null and void.
Prepositional Phrase:
The phrase which has a preposition as its head and functions
as an adjective, adverb or noun in a sentence is called a prepositional
phrase. Generally, a prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and
ends with a noun or pronoun.
যে phrase এর শুরুতে একটি preposition
থাকে এবং যা একটি sentence এ adjective, adverb বা noun এর কাজ করে তাকে prepositional
phrase বলে। সাধারণত: একটি prepositional phrase একটি preposition দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং একটি noun বা pronoun দিয়ে শেষ হয়।
Example:
·
The students with whom I met at
the varsity were friendly.
·
The salesman sells from door to
door.
·
We are on the way to Dhaka.
Conjunctional Phrase:
The phrase which functions as a conjunction is called a conjunctional
phrase.
যে phrase একটি conjunction এর মত কাজ করে তাকে conjunctional
phrase বলে।
Example:
·
We started our journey as soon as
the rain stopped.
·
Please come as quickly as you
can.
·
She is not only magnificently
gorgeous but also brilliantly intellectual.
Interjectional Phrase:
The phrase which functions like an interjection is called an
interjectional phrase.
যে phrase একটি interjection এর মত কাজ করে তাকে interjectional
phrase বলে।
Example:
·
What a miracle!
She has come to the program.
·
My goodness! What
have you done?
·
For heaven’s sake! Don’t
go there.
Participial Phrase:
A phrase which has a present or past participle as its head
is called a participial phrase.
যে phrase এর শুরুতে একটি present
বা past
participle থাকে তাকে participial
phrase বলে।
Example:
·
The women sitting by the river
were gossiping.
·
Coming home,
I came to know the truth.
·
She was drinking water in a glass made
of stone.
Absolute Phrase:
The phrase which has a subject but no finite verb and
modifies the whole sentence, not a noun is called an absolute phrase.
যে phrase এর একটি subject আছে কিন্তু কোন finite verb নেই এবং যা সম্পূর্ণ sentenceটিকে মূল্যায়ন করে শুধু একটি noun
কে নয়, তাকে absolute
phrase বলে।
Example:
·
My friend finally coming back to
this country, I will be able to share my
thoughts and idea with her.
·
Her arrival at the last moment,
we all were relieved from tension.
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