Sentence
Definition:
A sentence is a word or group of
words that must expresses a complete idea or sense or meaning and that may
consists of a subject and a verb.
Also it may have an object or a
complement and the words must be order properly.
যে শব্দ বা শব্দ সমষ্টি দ্বারা সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ পায় এবং যা সাধারণত কর্তা এবং ক্রিয়া দ্বারা গঠিত তাকে sentence বা বাক্য বলা হয় ।
Example:
- We practice English everyday.
(Here we is subject, practice is verb, English is object and everyday is
adverb)
Basically there are two parts of a
sentence: (একটি Sentence এ মূলত দুটি অংশ থাকে)
·
Subject and
·
Predicate
Subject: A subject of a sentence is a person or thing about which
something is said or written.
Predicate: And the Predicate that says what the Subject does.
যে ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু সম্পর্কে কোনকিছু বলা বা লিখা হয় তাকে Subject বা কর্তা বলে ।
যা subject বা কর্তা সম্পর্কে বলে বা করে বা লিখে তাকে Predicate বলা হয় ।
In the above example ‘We’ is subject
and ‘practice English everyday’ is Predicate. A sentence usually starts with a
subject and then predicate comes.
N. B.: In some case like order, advice or request subject is not
mentioned. It is user stood.
Example:
- (You) Keep quite.
- (You) Take care of your health.
- (I) Thank you.
And sometimes sentence starts with
the predicate and then subject comes.
Example:
- Long live Bangladesh
- Down went the Titanic.
Kinds of Sentence:
Sentence can be classified into five
categories according to the meaning or functions.
They are:-
1. Assertive
Sentence
2. Interrogative
Sentence
3. Imperative
Sentence
4. Optative
Sentence
5. Exclamatory
Sentence
Kinds of Sentence:
Sentences can be classified into
five categories, according to their meaning or function.
অর্থ বা কাজের ওপর ভিত্তি করে ইংরেজিতে Sentence কে সাধারণত পাঁচ ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।
They are:-
1. Assertive Sentence.
2. Interrogative Sentence.
3. Imperative Sentence.
4. Optative Sentence.
5. Exclamatory Sentence.
Assertive Sentence:
An assertive sentence is a
simple/general statement or assertion, either affirmative or negative.
কোনো সাধারণ বিবৃতি বা বক্তব্যকে Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) বলে
Pattern:
Subject + verb +
object/complement/adverb/adjective
Example:
-English is an International
Language. (Affirmative)
-We do not do bad things. (Negative)
-Everybody should know English.
(Modal auxiliaries)
Interrogative Sentence:
An interrogative sentence asks
question about a person or thing(s). It always ends with a note of
interrogation a.k.a. question mark (?).
There are two ways to form an
interrogative sentence.
I. Beginning with helping verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have,
has, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall, should, will, would, can, could, may,
might, etc.).
Example:
- Do you have your assignment ready?
- Does he speak English?
- Did she work abroad?
- Should I go there?
- Can you hear the sound?
- Don’t you want any food?
(Negative)
II. Beginning with some specific words like who, which, what,
when, where, why, how, whom, how much, how many, etc. [These are known as ‘WH’
questions.]
Example:
- How is your business going on?
- Who fixed the computer?
- Whom do you support?
- What are you expecting from me?
- What time is it now?
- How many people have died there?
Imperative Sentence:
A sentence that expresses a request,
command, order, advice, suggestion, etc. is an imperative sentence.
In an imperative sentence, the
subject is usually unexpressed; it is understood rather.
Pattern:
Subject (Invisible) + verb + object
/ where
Example:
- Take care of you.
- Give me the pen.
- Do it now.
- Be honest.
- Come here
- Never tell a lie
- Do not laugh at others helplessness.
- Let him go there.
Caution: You must do your duty. (It is an assertive sentence, not an
imperative sentence.)
Optative Sentence:
Wish, desire, prayer, etc. are
expressed by the Optative sentence.
Pattern:
May + Assertive
Example:
- May you live long.
- May Allah bless you.
- Wish you all the best.
- Long live Bangladesh. (Can be
formed without ‘may’)
Exclamatory Sentence:
Exclamatory is a sentence which
expresses strong/sudden feeling or emotion like surprise, pain, delight, anger,
disgust, etc.
Pattern:
Alas/ Hurrah/ Bravo/ What/ How etc.
+ Others
Example:
- Hurrah! Our cricket team has won
the series.
- Alas! He has failed the
competition.
- Bravo! You have done a great job.
- What a talented girl she is!
- How sweetly the cuckoo sings!
- What a wonderful land Bangladesh
is!
- Were I a Super Hero!
- What a pity!
- Fantastic!
- What an idea!
- Put that down now!
- Leave the package at the door.
- Walk softly, please.
Structure of a Sentence:
According to structure, sentences
are of three types.
I. Simple Sentence.
II. Complex Sentence.
III. Compound Sentence.
I. Simple Sentence:
Simple sentence is structured with
only one subject and one finite verb.
Simple sentence has only one
independent clause.
Pattern:
Subject + finite verb + complement
Exmaple: - Bangladesh is a populated country
- Life is not a bed of roses
- Human is the superior in this
planet.
II. Complex Sentence:
A sentence consisting of one
principal clause and one or more sub-ordinate clause(s) is a complex sentence.
Example:
- If you work hard, you will shine
in life. (Here, ‘if you work hard’ is sub-ordinate clause and ‘you will shine
in life’ is main or principal clause.)
Sub-ordinate clause begins with
conjunctions like who, which, that, when, how, where, while, if, whether,
because, since, as, though, although, till, until, unless, before, after, so
that, whenever, wherever, whoever, whatever, etc.
Example: - I know where he lives.
- I do not know what his name is.
- While there is life there is hope.
- We eat so that we can survive.
III. Compound Sentence:
A sentence having more than one
principal clause, linked by one or more coordinating conjunctions, preceded by
a comma, is called compound sentence.
Conjunctions that are used in
compound sentences are and, but, or, for, nor, also, however, moreover, thus,
so, therefore, else, still, as well as, accordingly, otherwise, yet, not yet,
but also, either or, neither nor, on the contrary, etc.
Example:
- Respect others, and others will
respect you.
- He loves us, but he does not show
it.
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