Narration
Narration কাকে বলে? Narration
কত প্রকার ও কি কি?
একজন বক্তার বক্তব্য ব্যক্ত করার উপায়কে narration বলে।
The way of reporting the speech of a
speaker is called narration.
একজন বক্তার বক্তব্য প্রধাণত: দুই উপায়ে ব্যক্ত হয়ে থাকে:
·
Direct Speech
·
Indirect Speech (Sometimes called
Reported Speech)
Direct Speech:
Direct speech হল বক্তার দ্বারা বলা হুবহু বক্তব্য যা quotation mark বা উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নের মধ্যে থাকে।
Direct speech is the exact speech said by the speaker which is put
within quotation marks.
Example:
·
He said to his friend, “I like
sweets very much.”
Direct speech এর মধ্যে দুটি অংশ থাকে:
I.
Reporting Speech
and
II.
Reported Speech
একটি comma
(,) এবং দুটি inverted comma (““) এই অংশ দুটিকে একে অপর থেকে পৃথক করে।
I. Reporting Speech:
Reporting speech হল inverted comma-র বাইরের অংশ অর্থাৎ comma-র আগের অংশ। এখানে দুটি পক্ষ জড়িত থাকে, বক্তা এবং সে যাকে বলছে।
উপরের উদাহরণে, He said to his friend, হল reporting
speech.
Reporting speech is the part which
is outside the inverted commas, i.e., the part before the comma. It involves
two parties the reporter and to whom s/he is reporting.
II. Reported Speech:
Reported Speech হল inverted comma-র মধ্যেকার অংশ।
Reported Speech is the part which is within the inverted commas.
উপরের উদাহরণে, “I
like sweets very much.”-হল reported speech।
Indirect Speech:
Indirect speech, যা reported speech নামেও পরিচিত,
তা হল বক্তার বক্তব্যের সারাংশ যা অন্য কেউ ব্যক্ত করে।
Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is the substance of the
speaker’s speech given by someone else.
Example:
ধরুন উপরের উদাহরণের indirect
speech।
·
He told his friend that he liked
sweets very much.
Indirect speech or reported speech-এ নিম্নোক্ত বিষয়গুলো লক্ষ করা যায়:
·
কোন inverted comma ব্যবহৃত হয়না, reporting speech এবং reported
speech একে অপরের সাথে conjunction যেমন: ‘that’, ‘if’, or ‘whether’ প্রভৃতি দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
No inverted commas are used, reporting speech and reported speech are joined with each other by conjunctions like ‘that’, ‘if’, or ‘whether’ etc.
No inverted commas are used, reporting speech and reported speech are joined with each other by conjunctions like ‘that’, ‘if’, or ‘whether’ etc.
·
Reporting speech
এবং reported
speech এর মাঝে কোন comma থাকেনা।
Reporting speech and reported speech have no comma between them.
Reporting speech and reported speech have no comma between them.
·
Full stop বা Period
sign ব্যবহৃত হয় প্রশ্নবোধক বা বিস্ময়বোধক চিহ্নের পরিবর্তে।
·
Reporting speech-এর tense
আগের মতই থাকবে।
The tense of reporting speech is the same as before.
The tense of reporting speech is the same as before.
·
Interrogative, exclamatory,
operative এবং imperative sentence-কে assertive
sentence-এ পরিণত করা হয়।
Interrogative, exclamatory, operative and imperative sentences are converted to the assertive sentence.
Interrogative, exclamatory, operative and imperative sentences are converted to the assertive sentence.
·
Reported speech-এর tense,
reporting speech-এর tense-কে অনুসরণ করে।
Tense of reported speech follows the tense of reporting speech.
Tense of reported speech follows the tense of reporting speech.
·
Reporting verb, reported speech অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়। উপরের উদাহরণে,
told একটি reporting verb এবং liked
একটি reported
verb। Sentence-এর ধরন অনুযায়ী বিভিন্ন ধরনের reporting verb ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন:
asked, offered, promised প্রভৃতি।
Reporting verb is changed according to the reported speech. In the above example, told is a reporting verb and liked is a reported verb. Different reporting verbs are used on the basis of the type of sentence. Such as, asked, offered, promised, etc.
Reporting verb is changed according to the reported speech. In the above example, told is a reporting verb and liked is a reported verb. Different reporting verbs are used on the basis of the type of sentence. Such as, asked, offered, promised, etc.
·
Reported speech-এর pronoun
SON নামের একটি নিয়মে পরিবর্তিত হয়,
যেখানে, S=Subject, O=Object এবং N=No
change। এই নিয়ম অনুযায়ী,
first person, reporting verb-এর subject হিসেবে পরিবর্তিত হয়; second person, reporting verb-এর object
হিসেবে পরিবর্তিত হয় এবং third
person-এর ক্ষেত্রে কোন পরিবর্তন হয়না।
The pronoun of reported speech is changed according to a rule called SON where, S=Subject, O=Object and N=No change. According to this rule, the first person is changed to the subject of reporting verb; the second person is changed to the object of reporting verb, and in case of the third person, there is no change.
The pronoun of reported speech is changed according to a rule called SON where, S=Subject, O=Object and N=No change. According to this rule, the first person is changed to the subject of reporting verb; the second person is changed to the object of reporting verb, and in case of the third person, there is no change.
·
Direct speech-এর adverb-গুলোর পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
The adverbs of the direct speech are changed.
The adverbs of the direct speech are changed.
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