Passage Narration
Passage narration লেখার সময় কিছু নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম অনুসরণ করা হয়। সব নিয়মগুলো নিচে উদাহরণসহ বর্ণিত হল:
Some certain rules are followed
while writing passage narration. All the rules are discussed with examples
below:
Rule 1:
At first, you have to read the whole
passage to identify the speaker and the audience. Then you have to determine
the mood of the verb in their speeches.
প্রথমে,
সম্পূর্ণ passage
টি পড়ে বক্তা এবং শ্রোতাকে চিহ্নিত করতে হবে। তারপর তাদের উক্তিগুলোর ক্রিয়ার ধরন বুঝতে হবে।
Example:
·
“Will you
come with me?”, said Pria to Ria. “I will come.” Said Ria. (Direct)
·
Pria asked Ria if she would come
with her. Ria replied that she would come. (Indirect)
Rule 2:
When the reporting verb is placed in
the middle or at the last of the sentence while converting it into Indirect you
have to put it after the subject in starting of the sentence.
যখন reporting
verb sentence-এর মাঝে বা শেষে থাকে তবে একে Indirect করতে তাকে sentence-এর শুরুতে subject-এর পরে বসাতে হবে।
Example:
·
“Where do you live?”, said Tina. “I
live at Dhanmondi.”, said Rina. (Direct)
·
Tina asked Rina where she lived.
Rina replied that she lived at Dhanmondi. (Indirect)
Rule 3:
Passage-এ যদি বক্তা একের অধিক উক্তি ব্যবহার করে তবে প্রথম উক্তি উল্লেখ করার পর, পরবর্তী উক্তিগুলো উল্লেখ করার সময় নিম্নোক্ত নিয়মগুলো অনুসরণ করা হয়:
i.
Assertive sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
also said/again said, added/further added, প্রভৃতি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
In case of Assertive sentences: also
said/again said, added/further added, etc. are used.
ii. Interrogative sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে: also asked/again asked/ further asked, প্রভৃতি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
In case of Interrogative sentences:
also asked/again asked/ further asked, etc. are used.
iii. Imperative sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
and ordered to/ and requested, প্রভৃতি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
In case of Imperative sentences: and
ordered to/ and requested, etc. are used.
iv. Optative sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
and wished/and prayed that, প্রভৃতি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
In case of Optative sentences: and
wished/and prayed that, etc. are used.
v.
Exclamatory sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
and exclaimed with happiness/ joy that/in grief that, প্রভৃতি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
In case of Exclamatory sentences:
and exclaimed with happiness/ joy that/in grief that, etc. are used.
Example:
·
“I will help you to solve this
problem. I am responsible for it.” The boy said. “Why did you do it? Do you
have time for it? You are leaving Dhaka this evening.” I said. (Direct)
·
The boy told me that he would solve
this problem. He added that he was responsible for it. I asked him the reason
for doing it. I also asked if he had time for it. I added that he was leaving
Dhaka that evening. (Indirect)
Rule 4:
If reported speech has only “Yes”,
then Subject+ replied in the affirmative or Subject+ Auxiliary Verb is used
and if reported speech has other speech after “Yes”, then Subject+ replied in
the affirmative and said that is used.
যদি reported
speech-এ শুধু “Yes”থাকে তবে Subject+ replied in the affirmative বা Subject+ Auxiliary Verb ব্যবহার করা হয় এবং reported speech-এ “Yes”-এর পর আরও বক্তব্য থাকে তবে Subject+
replied in the affirmative and said that ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
·
I said to him, “Have you done the
math?”. “Yes. I have also done another one.” He said. (Direct)
·
I asked him if he had done the math.
He replied in the affirmative. Or, he said that he had. And he said that he had
also done another one. (Indirect)
Rule 5:
If reported speech has only “No”,
then Subject+ replied in the negative or Subject+ Auxiliary Verb+ not is used
and if reported speech has other speech after “No”, then Subject+ replied in
the negative and said that is used.
যদি reported
speech-এ শুধু “No”
থাকে তবে Subject+ replied in the negative বা Subject+ Auxiliary Verb+ not ব্যবহার করা হয় এবং reported speech-এ “No” এর পর আরও বক্তব্য থাকে তবে Subject+
replied in the negative and said that ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
·
I said to him, “Have you done the
math?”. “No. I will do it later.” He said. (Direct)
·
I asked him if he had done the math.
He replied in the negative. Or, he said that he had not. And he said that he
would do it later. (Indirect)
Rule 6:
When direct speech has “Sir”, the
indirect speech will use with respect/respectfully/ politely instead of “Sir”.
যখন direct
speech-এ “Sir” থাকে, indirect speech “Sir” এর পরিবর্তে with respect/respectfully/ politely ব্যবহার করবে।
Example:
·
The student said to the teacher,”
Sir, will you teach me the math?” (Direct)
·
The student asked the teacher
respectfully if he would teach him the math. / The student respectfully asked
the teacher if he would teach him the math. (Indirect)
Rule 7:
If someone is addressed in the
direct speech, the indirect speech will use addressing ‘as’.
যদি direct
speech-এ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হয় তবে indirect
speech-এ addressing as ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
·
“Are you okay, Tonni?” said Piu.
(Direct)
·
Addressing as Tonni, Piu asked if
she was okay. (Indirect)
Rule 8:
If outside the inverted comma
reporting speech has “ask”, it will be used after the subject in the indirect
speech.
যদি inverted
comma-র বাইরে reporting
speech-এ “ask” থাকে, তবে তা indirect speech-এ subject-এর পরে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
·
“Are you coming?” asked Rina looking
at me. “You may join me when I” Rina said. (Direct)
·
Looking at me, Rina asked if I was
going. She suggested me to join her when she would go. (Indirect)
Rule 9:
When reported speech has a note of
interrogation (?) after an assertive sentence, the indirect speech will use
“being surprised” before the reporting verb.
যখন reported
speech-এ একটি assertive
sentence-এর পর note
of interrogation (?) থাকে, indirect speech-এ reporting verb-এর আগে “being
surprised” ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example:
·
He said to me, “You did it?”
(Direct)
·
Being surprised he asked me if I had
done it. (Indirect)
Rule 10:
When reported speech has “Thank”,
the indirect speech will use reported verb’s subject+ thanked+ reported verb’s
object.
যখন reported
speech-এ “Thank” থাকে, তখন indirect speech, reported verb’s
subject+ thanked+ reported verb’s object ব্যবহার করে।
Example:
·
Karim said to me, “Thank you.”
(Direct)
·
Karim thanked me. (Indirect)
Rule 11:
If reported speech has “Goodbye”,
the indirect speech will use reported verb’s subject+ bade+ reported verb’s
object+ goodbye.
যদি reported
speech-এ “Good bye” থাকে তবে indirect
speech, reported verb’s subject+ bade+ reported verb’s object+ good bye ব্যবহার করবে।
Example:
·
She said Lira, “Goodbye.” (Direct)
·
She bade Lira goodbye. (Indirect)
Rule 12:
If reported speech has a good
night/good morning/ good evening, the indirect speech will use, reported verb’s
subject+ wished+ reported verb’s object+ good night/good morning/ good evening.
যদি reported
speech-এ good night/good morning/ good evening থাকে তবে indirect speech, reported verb’s subject+ wished+ reported
verb’s object+ good night/good morning/ good evening ব্যবহার করবে।
Example:
·
He said to her, “Good evening.”
(Direct)
·
He wished her good evening.
(Indirect)
Rule 13:
Sometimes reported speech doesn’t
have a complete sentence, in those cases, you have to follow the speaker’s
speech in indirect speech to get the full meaning.
কোন কোনসময় reported speech-এ সম্পূর্ণ sentence
থাকেনা,
সেসব ক্ষেত্রে আপনাকে indirect
speech-এ বক্তার বক্তব্য অনুসরণ করে পূর্ণাঙ্গ অর্থ খুঁজে নিতে হবে।
Example:
·
“Thirty taka” The salesman said to
me. (Direct)
·
The salesman told me it had been
thirty taka (Indirect)
Rule 14:
Often reported speech doesn’t
mention the speaker and the listener, in these cases you have to mention the
speaker and the listener while transforming it into indirect speech.
প্রায়ই reported
speech-এ বক্তা ও শ্রোতার উল্লেখ থাকে না, এসব ক্ষেত্রে আপনাকে একে indirect speech-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে বক্তার ক্ষেত্রে the speaker এবং শ্রোতার ক্ষেত্রে the listener উল্লেখ করতে হবে।
Example:
·
“What are you doing now?” “I am
writing an article.” (Direct)
·
The speaker asked the listener what
he was doing then. The listener replied that s/he was writing an article.
(Indirect)
Rule 15:
If reported speech has asked/
cried/replied/muttered, the reporting verb in the indirect speech will be
unchanged.
যদি reported
speech-এ asked/ cried/replied/muttered থাকে তবে indirect speech-এ reporting verb-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবেনা।
Example:
·
“Help me.” He cried. (Direct)
·
He cried to help him. (Indirect)
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